A few geographical names

Dresden: Fagurborg við Saxelfur (German Elbflorens)

Sahara Desert:
1) Sandheimur: A logical designation for earth's largest desert.
2) Þurrgarðr: The second element 'garður' is used in the old meaning of "world" (Ásgarður, Miðgarður), because of the magnitude of the desert in comparison to other deserts.

Sahel: (Semi-arid belt forming the southern border of the Sahara Desert. The Arabic word sahil literally means "shore, coast", describing the appearance of the vegetation of the Sahel as a coastline delimiting the sand of the Sahara. )
1) Sandheimshvörf (turning point or transitional region (hvörf) bordering the Sahara desert
2) Þurrgarðsþröskuldur (The "threshold" of Sahara)

Lybian desert: Sandheimur fyrir vestan Kóngafljót (The name of the Sahara west of the Nile)

Hudson Bay: Vestrasalt (The Hudson bay, Baltic and Sea of Ochotsk are the ONLY three large landlocked watermasses situated on the same degree of latitude in America, Europe and Asia respectively. For that reason, I though of calling the Hudson Bay, Vestrasalt. If you check the world map, it should seem a logical designation.

Pinsk Marshes (Pripjat Marshes): Pineskjumýrar (The Icelandic name is 'Pripetmýrar', but it predominantly named after the city of Pinsk, judging from the English wikipedia article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinsk_Marshes?oldid=cur and this name can easily be Icelandicized: Russian names of Cities ending in -sk have the ending -eskja in Old Icelandic literature: Smolensk (Smáleskja), Polotsk (Pallteskja). Analoguous to these formations Pinsk becomes Pineskja and the Pinsk Marshes 'Pineskjumýrar'.

Sea of Ochotsk: Jakteskjusalt (The name of the Sea is derived from the city-name Ochotsk, a settlement at the coast of this marginal sea, which is in its turn derived from the name of the River Ochota, which means 'Hunting' in Russian. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhota_River . Surprisingly, the Russian word has the same sequence of consonants as German equivalent Jagd, and I'm strongly under the suspicion that we're dealing with a borrowing from German (Russian abounds with germanisms). Unfortunately, I have no Russian etymological dictionary at my disposal to find out. But this isn't necessary, because we can adapt the first part by the Icelandic germanisms jakt- or jagt. The latter part of the name can be constructed in the same way as the Old Icelandic exonym Pallteskja (as the city of Polotsk in the Ukraine was named by the Varangian vikings). So the last part of Ochotsk, -otsk, becomes -teskja. The 'o's' in the names Smolensk and Polotsk all became 'a' or 'á': (Pallteskja, Smáleskja) and this is a coincidential convenience if we want to use the Icelandic germanism 'jakt' or 'jagd' as the first element. The full result is Jakteskja. I think Jakteskja is the right adaptation of Ochotsk based upon the example Polotsk - Pallteskja.
As for the reason why I used salt as the last element instead of 'sjór' or 'haf': This is because the Sea of Ochotsk is the true far east counterpart of the Baltic, Eystrasalt. This Old Icelandic toponym is the only one in which salt is used in this meaning. If you look on the world map, it's easy to notice that the Sea of Ochotsk is landlocked by the peninsula of Kamtchatka (Kambtjöðkuskagi) and the Asian continent at the Northeasternmost part of Eurasia in the same way as the Baltic is landlocked by the European continent and the Scandinavian peninsula at the Eurasian Northwesternmost. An additional reason is the fact that both watermasses lie on the same degree of latitude. This ensures me of the validity of the neoexonym Jakteskjusalt as the Icelandic name for the Sea of Okhotsk.

Sakhalin: Ámár-Eyland (The name Amur means 'black river' (Manchurian: Sahaliyan Ula (Black river), Mongolian: Хар Мөрөн; Har Mörön (black river), Chinese: Heilong Jiang (Black Dragon River). The European name Sakhalin derive from misinterpretation of a Manchu name sahaliyan ula angga hada (peak/craggy rock at the mouth of the Amur River). So it makes sense to call the island after the Amur River, whose estuary is only narrowly seperated from the island. In order to create a phono-semantic match, I made use of the Old Icelandic adjective Ámur (dark) as the first element in the Icelandic equivalent of the river's name . The addition Eyland is a reference to the Swedish Öland, the oblong coastal island in the Baltic, which is like Sakhalin, only narrowly seperated from the Swedish coast. With regard to similarities in landmass-shapes, Öland in the Baltic is the western counterpart of Sakhalin in the Sea of Ochotsk.

Severnaja Zemlya: Austurheims-Svalbarði (same degree of latitude as Spitsbergen (Icelandic Svalbarði) but situated in Asia (Icelandic: Austurheimur).

Tisza (tributary of the River Danube): Þís (Adaptation of the German name Theiss (compare weiss-/ hvít-, eis - ís)