Neologisms

Euphrates:
1) Erkifljót, Erkielfur (The Euphrates was the river Abraham (Erkifaðir, see http://lexis.hi.is/cgi-bin/ritmal/leitord.cgi?adg=daemi&n=96206&s=116340&l=erkifa%F0ir followed up north in his journey to Kanaan and was the main river going out of the garden of Eden (Frumgarður) http://www.eifiles.cn/ge-en.htm
2) Sýrelfur, Sýr-Níl (Main river in Syria (Sýrland))
3) Jöfurá

Sarmates:
Tanapersi (The Indo-Iranian tribe inhabiting the region along the Don river (Icelandic: Tanakvísl). The term persi is used here as in the broader sense of "Indo-Iranian people".

Shaktar donetsk (Football club): Námuhetju-Tanteskja
The club was called Stakhanovets after local miner Alexei Stakhanov who, it is claimed, smashed production records with superhuman efforts that gave birth to the word "stakhanovite". This idea is still reflected in the name Shaktyor, which means 'miner'. Because Stakhanov's production record made him receive the honorary title 'Hero of the Soviet Union', I think the best translation of Shaktyar that reflects the stakhanovite idea behind is Námuhetja (mine-hero).
The Icelandic construction for Donetsk is based upon:
1) The first element Don- translates as Tan- in Icelandic, as the Don river in the Ukraine is mentioned as Tanakvísl in Old Icelandic literature. The second element is based upon the Old Scandinavization of two particular Ukranian place-names: Smáleskja (Smolensk) and especially Pallteskja (Polotsk): In this last example ,the ending -tsk became -teskja, so the name Donetsk becomes Tan- + teskja = Tanteskja: Tanteskjudæld (Donetsk Basin). Thus, the name of the Football team in Icelandic is Námuhetju-Tanteskja or simply Námu-Tanteskja.

Dnjepropetrovsk (city in Ukraine): Danparpétrevskja (First element is the name of the river Dnjepr (Danpur, gen. Danpar in Old Icelandic) + petrovsk (Pétur + evskja (compare with two other Old Icelandic exonyms for Ukrainian place-names ending in -sk: Smolensk (Smáleskja) and Polotsk (Pallteskja)

Dniestr: Danstur (An exonym formed on the orthography of the Old Scandinavian exonym for Dniepr: Danpur, gen. Danpar-. The name Dniepr is derived from Iranic Sarmatian Dānu apara "the river on the far side". By contrast, Dniestr derives from Iranic Sarmatian Dānu nazdya "the close river." The first element in the names Dniestr and Dniepr as well of the names Don and Danube originate from the same Proto Indo-European word *dānu - river.)

Dacian (people): Harfaðaþraki (Carpathian Thracian)
Dacian (adj.): Harfaðaþrakverskur
Dacia: Harfaðaþrakland

Tatra (Mountains): Háharfaðir (High Carpathians, Harfaðafjöll)

Balkan: Bálknafjöll or Þrakharfaðir (= Thracian Carpathians; the Balkan belongs to the Alpine Orogeny and was the border of ancient Thrace (Þrakland), so the designation "Thracian Carpates": þrak- (prefix in Þrakland (Thrace) and Harfaðafjöll, Harfaðir (Old Scandinavian name of the Carpathians).

Sierra Leone, Sierraleonian: Ljónfjallaland, Ljónfellingur, Ljónfellskur